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Bernd Muhlack, Kiel, Germany

Private UK Collection

Adam Prout, Worcestershire, Great Britain

German Private Collection

Belgian Private Collection

UK Collection

German Collection

collected in situ by a Dutch ethnologist

German Private Collection

John & Marcia Friede, Rye, USA

collected by Mike Glanville in Gawa (before 1990) Richard Bennet, Cairns, Australia Harry Beran, Sidney, Australia / Cambs, United Kingdom Marcia & John Friede's (Jolika) Collection, USA Harry Beran was born in Vienna in 1935 and migrated to Australia in 1957. He obtained his PhD from the University of Sydney in 1974 and taught philosophy at the University of Wollongong until his retirement in 1998. Harry was a frequent visitor to Papua New Guinea and wrote numerous publications on its art. In particular he was a scholar, author and collector specialised in the Massim culture of Milne Bay Province.

Klaus Kalz, Berlin, Germany

Christie's Auction South Kensington UK Collection

American Private Collection

Michael Oehrl, Berlin, Germany (a&b: bis ca.2015) Tom Hurst, Iwerne Courtney (Shroton), Dorset, United Kingdom (a,b & c)

Carl Haug, Friedrich-Wilhelms-Hafen (Madang), Papua New Guinea Linden-Museum, Stuttgart, Germany (1909) Arthur Speyer, Berlin, Germany (1965) Ludwig Bretschneider, Munich, Germany Munich Private Collection The figure was collected by Carl Haug, who worked in German New Guinea as captain on the North German Lloyd steamer "Siar", which was launched in 1902. He sailed the "Siar" in rotation with Captain Hermann Voogdt and Alfred Knoth, both of whom were also enthusiastic collectors of ethnographic artefacts.

Ludwig Bretschneider, Munich, Germany Munich Private Collection

Ludwig Bretschneider, Munich, Germany Munich Private Collection

Maximilian ("Max") Franz Thiel (1865-1939), Hamburg, Germany Linden-Museum, Stuttgart, Germany (1908) Ludwig Bretschneider, Munich, Germany (1970) Munich Private Collection Maximilian Franz Thiel was the son of Rosetta Albertina Hernsheim, the sister of Eduard and Franz Hernsheim, the founders of the trading company Hernsheim & Co. From 16 January 1884, he worked for the company on Jaluit (Marshall Islands). In 1886 he went to German New Guinea, where he lived on Matupi(t) near Rabaul and in the Bismarck Archipelago. He became a partner in Hernsheim & Co in 1892 and managing director by 1903 at the latest. On 16 May 1910, Thiel left German New Guinea and returned to Germany, where he managed the Hernsheim company as director until 1932. He died in Hamburg in 1939. Ethnographic collections were an important side business for Thiel and Hernsheim & Co. Objects from Thiel's collections can be found today in many museums in Europe and the United States. Between 1911 and 1921, the Museum für Völkerkunde Hamburg received over 450 objects from Germany's Pacific colonies through Thiel, which the museum claims were "high-quality donations". Felix von Luschan, who was responsible for the Africa and Oceania collections of the Ethnological Museum in Berlin, was also supplied with ethnographic artefacts by Thiel. Another of Thiel's customers was Karl von Linden, whose ethnological collection was to lead to the founding of the Linden Museum in Stuttgart.

Günther Markert, Munich, Germany Ludwig Bretschneider, Munich, Germany Munich Private Collection

Johann F. Gustav Umlauff, Hamburg, Germany Ernst von Sieglin (1848-1927), Stuttgart, Germany Linden-Museum, Stuttgart, Germany (1905) Ludwig Bretschneider, Munich, Germany (1969) Munich Private Collection

Munich Private Collection

Ludwig Bretschneider, Munich, Germany Munich Private Collection

Ludwig Bretschneider, Munich, Germany Munich Private Collection

Munich Private Collection

Louis Pieter Cornelis (Lode) van Rijn, Galerie Kephri, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (ca. 1970) Munich Private Collection

Ludwig Bretschneider, Munich, Germany Munich Private Collection

Ludwig Bretschneider, Munich, Germany Munich Private Collection

Ludwig Bretschneider, Munich, Germany Munich Private Collection

Hans Ziemann (1865-1939), Berlin, Germany Linden-Museum Stuttgart, Germany Ludwig Bretschneider, Munich, Germany (1971) Munich Private Collection Hans Ziemann (1865-1939) joined the Schutztruppe for Cameroon in 1908, where he worked as head of the civilian and military medical services. After leaving the colonial service in 1912, he returned to Berlin and dedicated his life to tropical medicine research.

Ludwig Bretschneider, Munich, Germany Munich Private Collection

Leutnant Francis Richard von Parish (1870-1903), Falkenstein im Taunus Linden-Museum, Stuttgart, Germany Ludwig Bretschneider, Munich, Germany (1971) Munich Private Collection Francis Richard Parish, lieutenant in the Württemberg Queen Olga Dragoon Regiment, was transferred to the Schutztruppe for German East Africa at his request in the summer of 1901 and arrived in Dar-es-Salam in September of that year. He left the capital of the colony in December 1901 and travelled through its entire territory from east to west in order to take command of the Ishangani station on Lake Kivu after a march of around three months. Parish could not cope with the climatic conditions and fell seriously ill. He returned to Europe at the beginning of July 1903 and died just three weeks later.

Generalmajor Karl Paul Kollmann (1865-1923), Dresden, Germany Linden-Museum Stuttgart, Germany Ludwig Bretschneider, Munich, Germany (1970, by exchange) Munich Private Collection Karl Paul Kollmann was born in Leipzig on 9 July 1865. At the age of twenty-one, he embarked on a military career and joined the Electoral Saxon Army. In 1894 he joined the Schutztruppe for German East Africa. He undertook numerous research trips to areas around Lake Victoria. In his book "The Victoria Nyanza", published in 1899, he writes: " ...on my numerous excursions and expeditions west, south and east of the lake I had the most favourable opportunities to make extensive and valuable collections of all kinds...". He also reported that he owed it to museum director Felix von Luschan that he was able to bring the objects to Europe. Kollmann had worked for several months at the Ethnological Museum in Berlin in 1893, where Luschan introduced him to the ethnology of the German colonies. He was also in contact with Karl Weule and Bernhard Ankermann, who viewed and organised his collection in Berlin. After his promotion to captain in March 1900, Kollmann returned to Germany, where he remained in military service until shortly before his death in 1923.

Jeffrey Dhyne, California, USA Dave DeRoche, San Francisco, USA Christophe Rolley, Bagneux, France (CR No 420)

Old Anthropologist Collection Jeffrey Myers, New York, USA

Gottlieb Adolf Stecker (1859-1939) Family property, Eibau, Germany German private collection (acquired from the family) The collector of the artifacts, Gottlieb Adolf Stecker (1859-1939), was a Herrnhut missionary and served in Labrador (1884-1895) and Alaska (1901-1913). The present artifacts were collected during his stay in Alaska and come from his brother's personal possessions. The Herrnhut Mission encouraged its brothers to have objects made for sale. In the Museum für Völkerkunde in Dresden (entrance before 1927) and in the Völkerkunde Museum Herrnhut (entrance before 1910 / 11) there are 92 works today with his social biography, which he sold to the museums.

Gottlieb Adolf Stecker (1859-1939) Family property, Eibau, Germany German private collection (acquired from the family)

Kurt Wölfel, Germany

A. und B. Schirmer, Berlin, Germany Gerhard Hirsch Nachfolger, Munich, 21 September 2015, Lot 1

Edith Hafter (1911-2001), Solothurn, Switzerland

Edith Hafter (1911-2001), Solothurn, Switzerland

Edith Hafter (1911-2001), Solothurn, Switzerland

Edith Hafter (1911-2001), Solothurn, Switzerland

Stendahl Galleries, Hollywood / New York City, USA Edith Hafter (1911-2001), Solothurn, Switzerland (1961)

Stendahl Galleries, Hollywood / New York City, USA Gertrud Dübi-Müller (1888-1980), Solothurn, Switzerland (1963) Edith Hafter (1911-2001), Solothurn, Switzerland Gertrud Müller (1888-1980), who came from a family of factory owners in Solothurn, and her brother Josef Müller (1887-1977) were interested in modern art from an early age and each started their own collection. Their role model was the Solothurn entrepreneur Oscar Miller, who was one of the first in Switzerland to collect modern works of art and was one of the co-founders of the Museum of Art and Science, from which today's Solothurn Art Museum emerged. Gertrud Müller, who was only 14 years old, attended the opening of the museum in 1902 and got to know the painters Cuno Amiet and Ferdinand Hodler personally on this occasion. She had a particularly deep friendship with Hodler. The intimacy between them is evident in the many portraits that Hodler painted of Gertrud Müller. As a self-confident woman, she bought a Pic-Pic car in Geneva in 1911 and drove it herself. She was the first woman to drive a car in her home town of Solothurn. At the age of 33, Gertrud Müller married the Solothurn lawyer Otto Dübi, who was the director of the family-owned Sphinxwerke Müller & Cie. From then on, she used the alliance name Dübi-Müller. Her husband supported her collecting activities and gave her the painting Goldfische by Gustav Klimt - presumably as an engagement present. In addition to the extensive groups of works by Amiet and Hodler, both collections also contain groups of works by Hans Berger, Félix Vallotton, Ernst Morgenthaler, Giovanni Giacometti and Albert Trachsel. Josef Müller and Gertrud Dübi-Müller complemented the Swiss modern art with purchases of works by international artists such as Cézanne, Matisse, Braque, Picasso and Gris.